Methanaminium,N-[4-[[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]phenylmethylene]-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene]-N-methyl-,chloride (1:1) cas no:569-64-2

NameMethanaminium,N-[4-[[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]phenylmethylene]-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene]-N-methyl-,chloride (1:1)
CAS569-64-2
SynonymsMalachite green chloride;Malachite Green Crystal;AcrylBrilliant Green B;Astra Malachite Green BXX;Basic Green 4;Basonyl Green 830;Benzaldehyde green;Bronze Green Toner A 8002;Burma Green B;C.I. 42000;China Green;Diamond Green B extra;Diamond Green BX;Green MX;Grenoble Green;Hidaco Malachite Green Base;LC 6220;Lincoln Green Toner B15-2900;Malachite Green 4;Malachite Green AN;MalachiteGreen B;Malachite Green CP;Malachite Green Powder;Malachite Green XLS;Malachite green;Mitsui Malachite Green;New VictoriaGreen Extra II;Oji Malachite Green;Solid Green O;Tertrophene Green M;Verona Basic Green M;Victoria Green (basicdye);Victoria Green S;
EINECS(EC#)209-322-8
Molecular FormulaC₂₃H₂₅N₂^.Cl
Molecular Weight364.91

Appearancegreen crystals
storage tempRefrigerator

Hazardclass9

Hazard XnN
Risk R22
Safety

Safety Information of Malachite green (CAS NO.569-64-2):
Hazard Codes: Xn,N
Risk Statements: 22-41-50/53-63
22:  Harmful if swallowed 
41:  Risk of serious damage to eyes
50:  Very Toxic to aquatic organisms 
53:  May cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment 
63:  Possible risk of harm to the unborn child 
Safety Statements: 26-36/37/39-46-60-61
26:  In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice 
36:  Wear suitable protective clothing  
37:  Wear suitable gloves 
39:  Wear eye/face protection 
46:  If swallowed, seek medical advice immediately and show this container or label 
60:  This material and/or its container must be disposed of as hazardous waste 
61:  Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions safety data sheet 

When Malachite green (CAS NO.569-64-2) is used in aquatic animals, it will be metabolized to leuco-malachite green. The non-polar LMG has been found to retain in catfish muscle for a longer period of time, 10 days for LMG compared to 2.8 in MG. It has been determined that the half lives of the retention of malachite green and leuco-malachite green catfish muscle is 2.8 days.1
The study of the toxicity of malachite green in fish has been hard as it is heavily influenced by the water hardness, pH, temperature and amount of dissolved oxygen in water. Detailed studies have indicated that the toxicity of the chemical increases as the temperature increases or pH decreases. The effects of malachite green on fish eggs have also been tested and it has been shown that a twofold increase in the concentration of malachite green could lead up to 20 times the mortality rate in rainbow trout eggs[citation needed]. This shows that it may be extremely toxic for some species of fish and especially for fish eggs. Other effects such as carcinogenesis, mutagenesis, and reduced fertility have been reported to occur in rainbow trout. Overall, although malachite green is an extremely effective weapon against fungus and parasitic infections in fish, the chemical causes serious side effects in the fish as well.
 Effects on humans
Malachite green and its major metabolite, leuco-malachite green has been reported to have mutagenic and carcinogenic effects. Culp SJ in her recent article published in Mutation Research mentions that rats fed malachite green experience “a dose-related increase in liver DNA adducts” along with lung adenomas. Leuco-malachite green causes an “increase in the number and severity of changes”. As leuco-malachite green is the primary metabolite of malachite green and is retained in fish muscle much longer, most intake of malachite green would be in the leuco form. During the experiment, rats were fed up to 543 ppm of leuco-malachite green, an extreme amount compared to the average 5 ppb discovered in fish. After a period of two years, an increase in lung adenomas in male rats was discovered but no incidences of liver tumors. This shows that although adducts are formed, they have “little mutagenic or carcinogenic consequence.” Therefore it could be concluded that malachite green caused carcinogenic symptoms but a direct link between malachite green and liver tumor could not be proved.
 Method of mutagenic activity
Taken together, these data suggested that the N-demethylated metabolites of leuco-malachite green and malachite green could undergo metabolic activation in a manner similar to that observed with carcinogenic aromatic amines, i.e. oxidation to metabolites that react with DNA either directly or after esterification. However, the adduct has not been characterized, since existing in vitro mutagenicity assays and metabolic activation systems has been unsuccessful in activating leuco-malachite green or malachite green to DNA-damaging species.

Organism	Test Type	Route	Reported Dose (Normalized Dose)	Effect	Source
mouse	LD50	intraperitoneal	4200ug/kg (4.2mg/kg)		Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. Vol. 1, Pg. 5, 1951.
mouse	LD50	oral	80mg/kg (80mg/kg)		Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. Vol. 1, Pg. 5, 1951.